Dear Friends,
Greetings in Christ!
In our last post, Paul told the chief of the Jews in Rome how he was arrested in Jerusalem, how he was constrained to appeal to Caesar Nero, and how it was because of the hope of Israel — Jesus the Messiah — that he was bound in chains while awaiting his trial before Nero. As we pick back up in verse 21, the chief among the Jews in Rome reply to Paul. Father, fill us with your Holy Spirit and give us understanding as we read thy word, in Jesus’ name. Amen.
Acts 28:21-31
21 And they said unto him, We neither received letters out of Judæa concerning thee, neither any of the brethren that came shewed or spake any harm of thee.
22 But we desire to hear of thee what thou thinkest: for as concerning this sect, we know that every where it is spoken against.
To their credit, Paul’s audience is open-minded enough to hear Paul out. Proverbs 18:13 says He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him. It is always a good idea to study a matter and look at it from all sides before making up your mind about it.
So they set a date for Paul to make his case. This may have been Paul’s idea. This would give them time to warm up to the subject, emphasise the importance of the topic, and when the time comes, Paul would have their undivided attention.
23 And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him into his lodging; to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets, from morning till evening.
Paul preached Christ to them. That is what the Bible is all about. Paul used the Old Testament to preach Jesus to them, and he spent the entire day doing it.
24 And some believed the things which were spoken, and some believed not.
That is how it goes. Whenever you give out the gospel, some respond, but some don’t.
25 And when they agreed not among themselves, they departed, after that Paul had spoken one word, Well spake the Holy Ghost by Esaias the prophet unto our fathers,
26 Saying, Go unto this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and not perceive:
27 For the heart of this people is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes have they closed; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
Jesus quoted this same passage from Isaiah to explain to his disciples why He spoke in parables. (Luke 8) Like Paul, John applied these verses to Israel. (John 12) Paul cited the passage again in Romans 11, but in the same chapter Paul went on to say And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob: (Rom 11:26) We are starting to see that prophecy fulfilled. Even by modest estimates, more Jews have become Christians since the beginning of the 19th century than in the previous 1800 years, but the real sea change will happen after the rapture.
28 Be it known therefore unto you, that the salvation of God is sent unto the Gentiles, and that they will hear it.
That seems to have been Paul’s standard line to the Jews who rejected the gospel: ‘Okay, I’ll go to the Gentiles then’. As Acts ends, we are at a turning point. The church is shifting from a Jewish church to a Gentile church. When the church age ends, the Jews will take the leadership role. The times of the Gentiles will end with the second coming seven years later, and Jesus the Jew will rule the world from the throne of David in Jerusalem.
29 And when he had said these words, the Jews departed, and had great reasoning among themselves.
If nothing else, Paul got them thinking about the gospel.
30 And Paul dwelt two whole years in his own hired house, and received all that came in unto him,
31 Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no man forbidding him.
Acts 28:21-31
As Acts comes to a close, Paul is dwelling in his own house, working on his Letters (Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and probably Hebrews), and receiving all who come to him for teaching. This period lasted from AD 62 – 64, the year of the Great Fire of Rome. Nero is believed to have been responsible for the fire to make way for his building projects, but he blamed it on the Christians. This was the beginning of Nero’s persecution of the church.
As we travelled through Acts, we have learned a lot about both the history of the early church and the operation of the Holy Spirit. The absence of an ‘amen’ at the end of Dr Luke’s second Letter to Theophilus is a subtle reminder that the history of the church is still being written, nudging us to be diligent in writing our own personal Letter.
Dr Luke finished his Letter long ago, or not so long ago depending on your perspective. Harrison Ruffin Tyler, who died in 2025, was the grandson of President John Tyler, who died in 1862. President Tyler was born in 1790, just one year after the Constitution was ratified, but his grandson lived to see the age of artificial intelligence.
From God’s perspective, a day is as 1000 years, and we are fast approaching the seventh ‘day’ of God’s plan, the millennium when Jesus will return to reign. I think that should provoke us to make good use of what precious little time we have left. After Paul was acquitted, he could have taken it easy and retired, but he didn’t. He continued to spread the gospel, which eventually got him arrested again and ultimately beheaded circa 68 AD. By the end of Paul’s life, persecution had scared away all of his friends in Rome except for Dr Luke. (II Tim 4:10–11)
According to some of the so-called church fathers, Paul fulfilled his vision of going to Spain (Rom 15:24, 28), but he did not stay long. He went back to Greece and Asia Minor before he was arrested again.

Statue of Paul outside the Catedral de Santa María la Real de la Almudena in Madrid
According to tradition, when Paul was in Rome for his second trial before Nero, he was held in the Mamertine prison. Prisoners were lowered into the cell through a hole in the ceiling.
Paul’s cell in Rome, according to tradition
The hole in the ceiling of Paul’s cell in Rome
One book I read while working on this study in Acts was Last Words by Greg Kelley. In the book, Kelley talks about the many unreached people groups who still have not heard the gospel. He reminds the reader that the last thing Jesus said before his ascension was But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth. (Acts 1:8)
According to Kelley:
• The largest unreached people group in the world are the Shaikh, living in the country of Bangladesh. The Shaikh of Bangladesh are approximately 135 million people who are 0.0 percent Christian. [Citing figures from the Joshua Project] If they were a country, they would be the tenth largest in the world.
• More than 400,000 villages in India do not have a single gospel witness. [Joshua Project] (1)
In the notes on Acts 27, I likened Christians to the poor lepers in II Kings 7, who were saved from death and found immeasurable riches. As they were carrying away their loot to hide it, they said among themselves, ‘This isn’t right. We ought to go and tell everybody what we found’. We Christians have likewise been saved and have found immeasurable riches. We ought to tell everyone as well, but just as in II Kings 7, to get the riches, you have to believe it will happen. The king’s advisor did not believe Elisha when he said deliverance was coming. So when the spoils that the lepers found were brought into the city, the same advisor was trampled in the stampede. You can believe Paul’s gospel of grace and be saved, and receive immeasurable riches. Or, you can choose not to believe, and perish. It falls to us who believe to tell everyone.
1 Greg Kelley, Last Words (Comstock Park, MI: Unknown Nations Press, 2023), p 103.






















